August 20, 2000
RICHARD ABANES (To Michael Shermer):
Michael, In all fairness, I would ask that you please post this response
to your E-mail about the Bible and "stoning to death disobedient
children." I especially hope that you will forward my E-mail to the individual who
donated his hard-earned $100. I believe that your use of Deut. 21 is misleading to those who are unfamiliar with scripture and/or the meaning
of this passage, both culturally and contextually.
BRUCE MONSON (To Richard Abanes):
Why is it that we are constantly bombarded by Christians proclaiming the
"goodness" and the "words of love" and the
"truth" in the Bible, and that the God(s) portrayed in it are a priori loving, kind, forgiving and
just? Why do they leave out the actions performed by said God(s) that
clearly show him/it/they to be bent on revenge, torture,
blood-sacrifice, mass-murder, infanticide, subjugation, discrimination
and segregation? Why is that?
Christians have no problem taking any perceived "good"
passages as meaning literally how they read, but whenever atrocious
passages are seen they suddenly become supreme experts in devising the
"true meaning" of the text and summarily feeding us reams of
far-fetched damage-control-theology so as to protect their sensitive
beliefs from the very real and very abundant passages that portray their
God and their favorite heroes as morally repugnant tyrants.
Christians are fond of telling us that the Bible is the "ultimate
moral guide" (from God) and that we should all read it because it
is "applicable to all of mankind today as much as it was for the
ancients." But is that really so, or could it be that
biblioloters just repeat the same propagandistic tune that drips on them
from the pulpits?
It seems that just as long as people stick to
quoting ONLY the passages they perceive as "good," then there
is no stink raised; it is only when the horrific and embarrassing
passages are brought to light that the feathers start to ruffle.
If the "bad" passages in the Bible ARE NOT to be taken as they
plainly read, then we must also ask why the "good" passages
should be taken as THEY literally read! Why the double-standard?
ABANES:
First, you incorrectly state that this passage is teaching "stoning
to death disobedient children." You make it seem as if it condones the
passing of a death sentence against kids ranging in ages from 5 years old to 18 years
old. Whether or not this was your intent, I do not know. In reality, it
is speaking of an older son, very near the age of an adult, NOT little
children or even young teens. Let's clear that up right away.
BRUCE:
Yes, let's "clear that up right away"! Mr. Abanes goes
into "damage control mode" and attempts to defend the clearly stated law (from God,
i.e., YHWH, i.e., JESUS, since for Christians they are one-in-the-same remember),
and implies that it somehow makes it ok to "murder your son through
stoning" if he is actually an adult rather than a child.
In the passage from Deut. 21:18 the Hebrew word used for "son"
is {ben} which does imply a son that is not an infant {Heb. yalad} or small child
{Heb. yelad}. However, Mr. Abanes is wrong in his assumption that
the passage MUST refer to an ADULT son in terms that we view a legal adult
today, e.g., 18 years of age and older. The text makes no such specification, however, and it must be remembered that in Biblical times
people lived harsh lives and their life expectancy was much shorter than
ours, particularly for the peasantry who's average lifespan was in the
range of late 20's to mid 30's.
Children were considered
"adults" at a much earlier age than we think of them today. As such, stoning to death
a rebellious "ben" (son) as stated in Deut. 21:18 could easily
mean killing a teenager, and the fact that the passage specifies a son that "will
not obey us [father and mother] when they discipline him" implies that that
son is still living under the roof of his parents and that nurturing lessons
are still being taught. Obviously, infants and very young children are
not going to be "drunkards" but a young teenager most certainly
could.
On the other hand, maybe Mr. Abanes is right and we ARE talking about
weather-worn adult mamma's boys that just couldn't break away from the coop; after
all, biblical heroes such as Adam and Noah apparently lived for hundreds of
years, so their sons (ben) might well be hundreds of years old
themselves...
Ultimately, however, the age of one's son is not really the primary
issue
here, is it? The very notion of murdering your own child for most
any
reason is repugnant in the extreme, not to mention illegal by modern
standards (and yet Christians insist that our Constitution is based on
"biblical laws and values"). Whether we are talking
about a 14 year old son or a 35 year old son is irrelevant. The fact is, murdering them
(and in such a brutal fashion as by stoning) is neither just nor compassionate.
We, as a modern society, have for the most part outgrown such barbarism (although there are exceptions); instead of killing our child we would
get them the help they needed to overcome their "alcohol problems"
and stick with them and guide them through their juvenile "rebellious"
stages. But "God's Law" says that such "sons" must be put to
death by stoning!
ABANES:
Second, notice that the verses DO NOT include ALL forms of disobedience,
but rather only "gluttony" (a inordinate/needless intake of food,
which would in turn take precious food away from the others) and
"drunkenness" (a sin often marked by socially disruptive behavior and possible violence to family,
friends, and strangers). These actions, within the social structure of
the close-knit tribal Israelites were EXTREMELY disruptive. Thus, the heavy
penalty. WE MUST THINK LIKE THE JEWS, NOT LIKE MODERN AMERICANS.
BRUCE:
Here we go again. If we "MUST THINK LIKE THE JEWS, NOT LIKE
MODERN AMERICANS" then does that not flatly ADMIT that the laws and
methods employed by ancient peoples DO NOT APPLY TO MODERN SOCIETY? And
further that the fact that the average person cannot pick-up that Bible everyone
tells him he should pick-up and read the texts for what they say, then
how is anyone to know what is and is not valid "instructions from
God"? Could it be that Mr. Abanes is taking a modern HUMANITARIAN stance on morality
and justice by separating modern society from the ancient? Yes, I
think he does, but then he (like all Christians I know) STILL want us to accept
these ancient superstitious writings as being the divinely inspired words of
some god that we must bow down to and accept as some incontrovertible truth.
Furthermore, I noticed that Mr. Abanes, when he places the focus on
specific forms of "disobedience" as resulting in a death sentence,
conveniently leaves out the fact that v21:21 says that the reason the son was a
glutton and a drunkard and rebellious was because he was "evil" and
that in stoning him to death the "men of the town" are "purging the evil
from [their] midst" so that "all of Israel will hear, and be afraid." He is
being murdered (oh, what was that commandment against killing, again?) because he was
labeled "evil." And according to Isaiah 45:7; Lamentations 3:38;
Amos 3:6; and Jeremiah 31:28, "evil" came from what source, Mr.
Abanes?
From the Devil? Nope! The answer is "The Lord," (i.e., Yahweh, i.e.,
Jesus).
ABANES:
Third, the action of taking a male-son (not any women by the way,
contrary to your comment which seems to suggest ALL children) to the elders was a LAST recourse to an extremely rebellious individual whose
actions clearly demonstrated a COMLETE LACK OF RESPECT FOR AUTHORITY (basically an anarchist), who might eventually proceed to more problematic-harmful actions.
BRUCE:
Interesting. Mr. Abanes just described Jesus! No wonder
Jesus' relatives thought he was crazy! (Mark 3:21) Even more interesting, if we are
to believe the Gospels, then Jesus actually met all the conditions of "disobedience" that would warrant his execution according to
the same Jewish law outlined above (Deut. 21:18). Jesus was *accused* of being
"out of his mind" by enemies and family alike; he was accused of being
"possessed by Beelzebul" (Mark 3:22; John 8:48); he was accused of being a
"Glutton and a drinker" (Matt. 11:19; Luke 7:33-35). There are also many
passages where Jesus makes comments that are clearly disdainful if not outright
rebellious against his own family, especially his own mother. It makes you
wonder for what reason "his family" (mother & brothers) came to
"take charge of him" in (Mark 3:21, 31-35)?
ABANES:
Why? Because he had already proven his total disregard for authority by ignoring counsel from his parents to stop such behavior. The parents had
a very strong/respected hold over the children and his dismissal of their
counsel proved that he had become rebellious to a point of no return --
at least in the eyes of the magistrates (i.e., the police and judges, for
lack of a better expression). Allowing such a person to continue living
within a fragile society could bring grave consequences for everyone. Hence, the
serious penalty.
BRUCE:
Yes, and "hence" the complete "lack of respect" for
human life! And for how long should a "son" be expected to be under this umbrella of
having to agree to everything his parents instruct him to believe, Mr. Abanes? Is
this the standard of a free society that we live by today? Is this another
one of those "biblical values" that Christians are constantly telling
us "our country was founded on"?
If your own son (be he 13 or 30)
were to apply good critical thinking skills toward, for example, some questionable
activity you proclaimed as a "biblically acceptable behavior,"
such as following the lead of the "righteous man" Lot, and you took to
getting drunk (e.g., "gluttony," a problem that seemed to run in the
family.) and impregnating your seductive daughters (incest), would your above
standard against his being "rebellious" in the face of "your
teachings" warrant a death sentence for him?
ABANES:
Also, regarding Deuteronomy 22: 5, this passage is not just some bizarre
rants against women wearing "business attire that may resemble
men's business attire. Michael, please. There was no such thing as business
attire, nor was their the kind of similarity that exists now between
men's and women's clothing. The whole point of this passage is entirely
different from what you imply. Someone would not be punished for simply throwing
on a guy's cloak to go for a wee in the middle of the night.
BRUCE:
Again, Mr. Abanes attempts to "justify" the admonitions based
on assumptions that DO NOT APPEAR IN THE TEXT! The text of Deut. 22:5
categorically states that apparel from the opposite sex "shall not" be worn,
period, "for whoever does such things is abhorrent to the Lord your God." That is
pretty specific, is it not? It does not say that it is ok for a man to
put on a dress just to "go for a wee in the middle of the night."
Throughout the Hebrew Bible we frequently see just how SPECIFIC the good, loving,
Yahweh (i.e., Jesus) really is when it comes to His laws.
For example, when he says that no one except his specially privileged
priests are supposed to touch the Ark of the Covenant, HE MEANS IT!
Just look what happened to the poor cartdriver (Uzzah) who reached out to
steady the Ark to keep it from falling off the cart (just trying to protect it
from getting damaged); the good, loving, Yahweh (i.e., Jesus) became so angry
He killed Uzzah on the spot (2 Samuel 6-7).
And when Yahweh (i.e., Jesus) says that you shall "observe the
Sabbath day and keep it holy" he means business! When a stranger
who was minding his own business picking up sticks in the wilderness {on the Sabbath day}
was discovered by the Israelites, they brought him before Moses and Aaron
for this abomination, and THE LORD SAID TO MOSES, "The man shall be PUT
TO DEATH; all the congregation shall STONE HIM." (Num. 15:32-36) and
that is exactly what the "whole congregation" did; but not because of
anything this man did to them (he was minding his own business, remember), but because
that was what they were instructed to do by this loving, forgiving,
kind, just, God, Yahweh (i.e., Jesus).
ABANES:
The whole thrust of this verse is that men should look/act like men, and
women should look/act like women, there should be no blurring of lines between the sexes -- read transvestites. Get it? This particular
prohibition was set to preserve the sanctity of maleness and femaleness.
Clothing was simply an outer symbol of this sacredness, which God never intended to
be confusing for people. Wiping out the distinctions between men and women
was an "abomination" because it took away from the unique glory
that is a man's, and the unique glory that is a woman's; both of whom are individual
creations of God.
BRUCE:
Gee, no conjecture here.The actual answer to this is not clear, and the
"transvestite" conclusion is pure speculation. The law against
wearing
one-another's clothes was probably from the Deuteronomist's admonition against partaking in Canaanite rites of worship, which in this case
involved simulated changes in sex. Indeed, this makes sense given that it
was the primary philosophy of the Deuteronomist to dispel of pagan religions and
their customs, and to direct all focus toward Yahweh.
Moreover, was it not the alleged "fall" that allowed man (and
woman) to be cognizant (embarrassed) at their "nakedness" to begin with;
and from then on required to cover themselves? Is it not the "uncovering"
of one's "nakedness" that is sinful, like when Ham (Canaan) is cursed
for exposing Noah's nakedness? Thus, clothing would not be a symbol of
sacredness, but a symbolic reminder of sin (Genesis 3:7-10). But it's interesting
that in Genesis BOTH man and woman WORE THE SAME CLOTHES-a "loincloth made
of fig leaves."
ABANES:
Regarding the virgin thing in Deut. 22, again you misstate the passage.
According to Jewish law, it was the deception for which the woman was punished, not necessarily the act of intercourse. If two unmarried
people had sex before getting married, there was no death, the man was simply
told that he should marry the woman.
BRUCE:
This typical response falls well short of the mark, and attempts to "tone-down" the atrocious implications of these barbaric
"Laws from God."
There are several variant situations outlined in Deut. 22, and the (ridiculous) punishments varied according to the situation and whether
the girl was betrothed or not. Also, the thoughts and wishes of the
girl were not a consideration (more examples of biblical mores that do not, and
should not, equate with modern society).
A father held the absolute rights over the sexuality of his daughter; as
such, when she was violated it was considered a violation (and financial
loss) against him. If she was a virgin and was seduced (or RAPED)
by a man who is not her fiancé, the father MUST (not "should")
marry-off the daughter to her seducer (or RAPIST). The man also had to pay the father 50
shekels of silver as compensation. This situation HAD NOTHING TO DO with
whether or not the girl resisted, or tried to deceive, as Mr. Abanes implied in his
statement. [see Deut. 22:28-29]
If a young woman who is betrothed to one man (such as in the case of
Mary and Joseph) but is caught having sex with a different man (whether it is
her fault or not), then someone is going to be executed! If the act
occurred within a town and she DID NOT call-out for help, then it is assumed that
she wanted to have sex and both her and her lover (or rapist) are stoned to
death at the city gate. If the act occurred in the countryside,
she is acquitted (on the assumption that her calls for help could not be
heard), but her lover (or rapist) is executed. [See Deut. 22:25-27]
If a bridegroom accuses his bride (whom he expected to be a virgin) of
NOT being a virgin, the girl's mother and father would have to bring the,
bloodied marriage consummation sheets to the town elders to prove that
she was a virgin. If they presented unbloodied sheets, that would be
considered proof that she was not a virgin (which is silly) and she would be
summarily executed by stoning in front of her father's home "because she
committed a disgraceful act in Israel by being faithless to her father's
household." [See Deut 22:13-21]
Somehow I doubt there are too many "Christian women" here in
the U.S. that would be willing to follow these "Laws from God" if they were
ever actually told about them, that is. The problem is Christians typically
don't read these passages in Sunday school and church services.
ABANES:
To give a running commentary on ALL of the complexities to these and
other old testament laws would fill a book. Obviously, much too long for an
E-mail. Suffice it to say, that there are endless volumes that explain
all of these issues, but I have found that most atheists/agnostics are not
interested in the truth, but only snippets of passages that seem to
suggest the Bible is foolishness.
BRUCE:
The only amazing thing about the above statements would be if Mr. Abanes
can really sit there and say them with a straight face! If he is
really the "expert on cults" that Michael Shermer noted he is, then I'm
sure he has no problems applying good critical thinking skills toward all of those
other religions (cults) that he has examined, and concluded every one of them
to be nothing more than constructs of crack-pot delusions and wishful
thinking. However, no sooner does HIS CULT (and I challenge him to show how
Christianity IS NOT, by definition, a cult), come into question that he becomes defensive and shifts those critical thinking skills into
neutral. His version of the "truth" is, of course, the
"truth" and contrary to the evidence against his "truth" he will do everything possible to
protect those sensitive beliefs. He clearly couldn't care less that these same
"atheists/agnostics" were at one time "believers," and far
from "not interested in the truth," they came to their disbelief through
coming to grips with the truth.
ABANES:
Many quotes exist in the New Testament and Old Testament regarding love,
gentleness, peace, joy, kindness, sensitivity, care, and compassion! yet
these are ignored by atheists/agnostics in favor of tiny snippets here
and there that can be twisted and misapplied conveniently whipped out to
prove a point, or disarm a Christian caller on a radio show.
BRUCE:
"Tiny snippets here and there"? Well, Mr. Abanes,
perhaps you should send me the Bible you have been reading because all the ones I have read are
replete with atrocities and morally repugnant behavior by the God(s) and
heroes portrayed within its pages. Also, as I mentioned earlier,
why is it that Christians have no problem pointing out the good passages (which
ARE in there, I admit) just as they are written, but when asked about the
atrocious, contradictory, anachronistic or just plain inconvenient
passages, they suddenly resort to all sorts of damage-control-gymnastics to show
that what the texts clearly state ARE NOT what they actually mean, and thus
require "interpretation" for "proper understanding"
(with "proper" being code for "Christian apologetic")?
ABANES:
Furthermore, it is a widely accepted and acknowledged tenet of Christianity
that the ceremonial laws and punitive laws of the OT are no longer in
effect since Christ's death on the cross and his resurrection.
BRUCE:
This is one of the most commonly blurted interpolations you'll hear from
the good Christians. On the one hand they WANT THE TEN COMMANDMENTS IN OUR SCHOOLS (as if they are some sort of magic charm that will resolve
everything), but when pressed about WHY they don't actually FOLLOW ALL
THE COMMANDMENTS, they retort that "er... well, the Law was fulfilled
in Christ and nailed to the cross, so we are no longer governed by 'those'
Laws." There are a host of problems they open themselves up to with such
self-serving statements, and one of the biggest is how they attempt to REWRITE HEBREW THEOLOGY to suit their own purposes by IGNORING passages
in the Hebrew Bible where "God" instructs the Israelites, in no
uncertain terms, that "His Laws" are to last FOREVER! Nowhere does
it say that "one day I, the Lord your God, will send a Messiah to fulfill these
Laws." Nowhere is there any indication that God was planning to abolish the
law. In fact, to the contrary, Yahweh set a list of CURSES at the end
of his covenant to ENSURE that his law was obeyed FOREVER:
[Deuteronomy 28:45-46] "All these curses shall come upon you ...{if
you will not} obey the LORD your God, BY OBSERVING THE COMMANDMENTS AND DECREES
that He commanded you. They shall be among you and your descendants as
a sign of portent FOREVER." [NRSV] (My Emphasis)
And the Deuteronomist also closes the Law against change, just as the
writer of the Book of Revelation does centuries later (NOTE: this is something
Christians are fond of bringing up when issues of whether other
"books" should be included in the Canon, books that paint Jesus in a little
different light than Christians like to see him in-it suits their needs
so they use it, but why should the Jews be any different with their Bible?
Such is the double-standard of Christian apologetics):
[Deuteronomy 4:2] "You must neither add anything to what I
command you nor take anything away from it, but KEEP THE COMMANDMENTS of the Lord your
God with which I am charging you." [NRSV] (My emphasis)
There are a multitude of verses I can cite to confirm the point that the
Hebrew Bible has its God intending "His Laws" to be in place
forever. I will gladly start listing these verses out for anyone who doubts this, but
before I do I would like for Mr. Abanes to give us his definition of the
following terms:
"will stand FOREVER"
"will be a statute FOREVER"
"EVERLASTING covenant"
"EVERLASTING statute"
"PERPETUAL covenant"
"PERPETUAL ordinance"
"THROUGHOUT your generations"
I look forward to your definitions.
Please remember that quoting from the New Testament DOES NOT help your cause. We can agree that the New Testament does attempt to absolve
the Law, although that is by no means without contradictory problems in the
New Testament itself. The oft-quoted Paul, for example, contradicts
himself on multiple occasions (See Bible Review, 12/98, "Pauls
Contradictions," by Gager, p.33-39 for an excellent discourse on this).
ABANES:
More importantly, biblical "morality" is NOT equated with the
punishments of the Old Testament. The morality in scripture outlines the beliefs
associated with what is RIGHT and WRONG, not what the punishments used
to be for violating those morals. Consequently, your comment "Are you
SURE you want to legislate biblical morality" has nothing to do with
morality (defining what is right and wrong). Even if there were not one single
penalty in scripture for doing something wrong, the morals would still be intact
because the morals exist independently from the penalties for violating those morals.
BRUCE:
I will touch on this a bit more later on. However, I would
challenge Mr. Abanes to define "right and wrong" for us. I would like
for him to
demonstrate exactly what is and is not a "sin." I would
like for him to
define some examples of "moral" absolutes that are biblically
based and universal to all cultures on the planet throughout recorded history.
After he has done this I would like for him to try and defend the Bible and
all of its "righteous" heroes, including Yahweh and Jesus(!), in
terms of these definitions.
ABANES:
You and a lot of other people who are not Christian, already follow
biblical morality. Aren't you faithful to your wife? Don't you choose to not
steal? Don't you avoid committing murder? I follow these morals, too. But I
have the Bible, an objective source of moral truth to turn to as a basis for
my morals. What do you follow? Your own conscience? Your own brand of right
and wrong?
BRUCE:
Since when does the Bible offer a good example of
"faithfulness" to one's wife? Were the patriarchs faithful? Was David faithful?
(let's ask Uriah, Bathsheba's husband, shall we? Let's also ask the infant born to
David and Bathsheba whether he deserved to be tortured and murdered by God for his
parents' sins! 2 Sam.12:15,18) Was Solomon faithful?
Are the Mormons "immoral" for their polygamy? Yes or no, Mr. Abanes!
And do you really want to open the "Murder" issue? Would you like to put
"God," all the biblical heroes, and even the flocks that supposedly followed them to
the "murder-test"? I'm game! If you think the Bible is
so good and inspires goodness and morality in people, then why should we not expect all of
its horrible aspects to inspire hatred and bad moral behavior?
ABANES:
Whose morals do you follow when they conflict with your own? Whose to
say yours are right, but their morals are wrong? What right do you have to
even tell me what is right and wrong since you have no better basis for
morals than the next guy?
BRUCE:
EXACTLY! Mr. Abanes, you just shot yourself in the foot!
"Whose (sic) to say yours [morals] are right, but their morals are wrong?
What right do you have to even tell me what is right and wrong since you
have no better basis for morals than the next guy?"
If Christians would just enjoy the already vast government benefits they
get from having tax-free status, and just sit in their posh churches and congratulate each other on having their "one and only truth,"
and just leave the rest of the world alone, there would be no problem. The
PROBLEMS arise when self-righteous Christians think that they have some God-given-right
to subject and impose the rest of the world to "their truth" and
to use psychological torture methods to propagate their subjective religious
dogma.
When the Spanish Conquistadors invaded Central America, they viewed the Aztecs as this morally bankrupt society of savages who sacrificed people
in a blood-thirsty frenzy, even as the Christian Conquistidors murdered and
virtually wiped-out this entire race of people through the spread of diseases they brought with them and that the Aztecs were not immune to
(the effects of evolution in action, BTW). The Aztecs views of the
Conquistadors, however, was likewise; seeing them as ravaging savages
who murdered people by the hundreds on the battle fields in a pointless and
shameful disrespect for human life. You see, just like in the
Bible, the Aztecs sacrificed people to the Gods in order to appease them and thus
sustain the world, without which cataclysmic destruction would be
imminent-at least that's what they thought. Further, those
sacrificed were quite often willing victims in lieu of a promise for divine rewards.
Sound familiar?
Now, tell me Mr. Abanes, WHO WERE THE IMMORAL ONES in this scenario, the
Aztecs or the INVADING Conquistadors who came to pillage and impose
their religious dogma? The answer is obvious, and yet proselytizing
missionaries continue to trek all over the world to inflict the horrors of
Judeo-Christian "morals" and dogma upon them--but, of course,
it is the "Christians" that are being "persecuted."
Yeah, right!
ABANES:
I hope you can see that the issues surrounding these passage do not
merit such a cut-and-dry, isn't-the-Bible-stupid, there-is-no-God type
casualness evident in your comment to the caller.
BRUCE:
I hope you can see that the issues surrounding these passage(s) DO MERIT
CRITICAL EXPOSURE, since no matter how many times you try to white wash
them with the "isn't-the-Bible-great, there-is-a-God (the Christian
god)" arrogance, you still get the same silly answer; that the Bible is
abundant with bad advice, bad ethics, morally repugnant behavior from
"God" and your favorite "heroes," and silly "Laws" that have no
place in modern society-a point made clear by the fact that Christians flatly do not follow these
atrocious "demands from God." But that certainly doesn't
stop Christians from trying to impose the so-called "Ten Commandments,"
prayer, and other Christian dogma on our public schools, does it?
ABANES:
I do not mean to offend you, but your criticism is not in keeping with
the kind of intellectual honesty and balance you always seem to show.
Anyway, I thought you might enjoy my comments.
BRUCE:
The day Christian apologetics offers " intellectual honesty and
balance" is a day I will be on the lookout for flying pigs. Whenever Christian
"scholars" have shown a propensity for looking at Christianity
with "an
honest eye" (e.g., the Jesus Seminar), they typically get
ostracized,
excommunicated, labeled as heretics, or worse. To Christians, if
you're not with them then, a priori, you're against them. If you want to
entertain "intellectual honesty," Mr. Abanes, then step down from your
high-horse and have a look at the Bible without all of the protective shields erected
to protect the flocks from it's very real and very abundant atrocities,
injustice, and morally repugnant behavior.
ABANES:
I leave you with your admonition to others "How about we
think?"
Richard Abanes, richabanes@earthlink.net
BRUCE:
Yes, how about it?
Bruce Monson